Arabic (Original)
أَخْبَرَنَا أَبُو بَكْرٍ مُحَمَّدُ بْنُ الْحَسَنِ بْنِ فُورَكٍ أنبأ عَبْدُ اللهِ بْنُ جَعْفَرٍ ثنا يُونُسُ بْنُ حَبِيبٍ ثنا أَبُو دَاوُدَ الطَّيَالِسِيُّ ثنا وَرْقَاءُ عَنْ مَنْصُورٍ عَنْ مُجَاهِدٍ عَنْ أَبِي عَيَّاشٍ الزُّرَقِيُّ قَالَ كُنَّا مَعَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بِعُسْفَانَ فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ صَلَاةُ الظُّهْرِ وَعَلَى خَيْلِ الْمُشْرِكِينَ خَالِدُ بْنُ الْوَلِيدِ قَالَ فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ بِأَصْحَابِهِ الظُّهْرَ قَالَ فَقَالَ الْمُشْرِكُونَ إِنَّ لَهُمْ صَلَاةً بَعْدَ هَذِهِ هِيَ أَحَبُّ إِلَيْهِمْ مِنْ أَبْنَائِهِمْ وَأَمْوَالِهِمْ وَأَنْفُسِهِمْ يَعْنُونَ صَلَاةَ الْعَصْرِ فَنَزَلَ جَبْرَئِيلُ عَلَيْهِ السَّلَامُ عَلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَ الظُّهْرِ وَالْعَصْرِ فَأَخْبَرَهُ وَنَزَلَتْ هَذِهِ الْآيَةُ {وَإِذَا كُنْتَ فِيهِمْ فَأَقَمْتَ لَهُمُ الصَّلَاةَ فَلْتَقُمْ طَائِفَةٌ مِنْهُمْ مَعَكَ وَلْيَأْخُذُوا أَسْلِحَتَهُمْ} [النساء 102] الْآيَةَ إِلَى آخِرِهَا فَحَضَرَتِ الصَّلَاةُ فَصَفَّ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ صَفَّينِ وَعَلَيْهِمُ السِّلَاحُ فَكَبَّرَ وَالْعَدُوُّ بَيْنَ يَدَيْ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَكَبَّرُوا جَمِيعًا وَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامًا يَحْرُسُونَهُ فَلَمَّا فَرَغَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَامَ إِلَى الرَّكْعَةِ الثَّانِيَةِ وَسَجَدَ الْآخَرُونَ ثُمَّ تَقَدَّمَ هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَى مَصَافِّ هَؤُلَاءِ وَتَأَخَّرَ هَؤُلَاءِ إِلَى مَصَافِّ هَؤُلَاءِ فَصَلَّى بِهِمْ رَكْعَةً أُخْرَى فَرَكَعُوا جَمِيعًا ثُمَّ سَجَدَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ وَالصَّفُّ الَّذِي يَلِيهِ وَالْآخَرُونَ قِيَامًا يَحْرُسُونَهُمْ فَلَمَّا فَرَغُوا سَجَدَ هَؤُلَاءِ ثُمَّ سَلَّمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ قَالَ أَبُو عَيَّاشٍ فَصَلَّى رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ هَذِهِ الصَّلَاةَ مَرَّتَيْنِ مَرَّةً بِعُسْفَانَ وَمَرَّةً فِي أَرْضِ بَنِي سُلَيْمٍ
English Translation
Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn al-Hasan ibn Furak informed us... from Abu Dawud al-Tayalisi... from Warqa', from Mansur, from Mujahid, from Abu 'Ayyash al-Zuraqi who said: 'We were with the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) at 'Usfan when the time for Dhuhr prayer came. The commander of the polytheist cavalry was Khalid ibn al-Walid. The Messenger of Allah prayed Dhuhr with his companions. The polytheists said: They have a prayer after this one that is dearer to them than their own children, their wealth, and their lives - meaning the Asr prayer. Then Jibril (peace be upon him) came down to the Messenger of Allah between Dhuhr and Asr, informing him, and this verse was revealed: {And when you are among them and lead them in prayer, let a group of them stand with you and let them take their arms} [al-Nisa' 4:102] to the end of the verse. When the time for prayer came, the Messenger of Allah formed two rows, all armed. He said the takbir, and the enemy was before the Messenger of Allah. They all said the takbir, and they all bowed. Then the Messenger of Allah and the first row prostrated while the second row stood guarding them. When the Messenger of Allah stood for the second rak'ah, the second row prostrated. Then the first row moved to the position of the second row and the second row to the first row's position. He prayed another rak'ah with them. They all bowed. Then the Messenger of Allah and the row behind him prostrated while the other row stood guard. When they finished, the others prostrated. Then the Messenger of Allah gave the salam.' Abu 'Ayyash said: The Messenger of Allah prayed this prayer twice - once at 'Usfan and once in the land of Banu Sulaym.