Arabic (Original)
Ḥadīth | Ṭabarānī (الطبراني) tabarani:10732 حَدَّثَنَا عَلِيُّ بْنُ عَبْدِ الْعَزِيزِ ثنا دَاوُدُ بْنُ عَمْرٍو الضَّبِّيُّ ثنا عَبْدُ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنُ أَبِي الزِّنَادِ عَنْ أَبِيهِ عَنْ عُبَيْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عَبْدِ اللهِ بْنِ عُتْبَةَ عَنِ ابْنِ عَبَّاسٍ قَالَ إِنَّ اللهَ ﷻ أَنْزَلَ {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْكَافِرُونَ} {الظَّالِمُونَ} {الْفَاسِقُونَ} قَالَ ابْنُ عَبَّاسٍ أَنْزَلَهَا فِي طَائِفَتَيْنِ مِنَ الْيَهُودِ وَكَانَتْ إِحْدَاهُمَا قَدْ قَهَرَتِ الْأُخْرَى فِي الْجَاهِلِيَّةِ حَتَّى ارْتَضَوْا وَاصْطَلَحُوا عَلَى أَنَّ كُلَّ قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَتْهُ الْعَزِيزَةُ مِنَ الذَّلِيلَةِ فَدِيَتُهُ خَمْسُونَ وَسْقًا وَكُلَّ قَتِيلٍ قَتَلَتْهُ الذَّلِيلَةُ مِنَ الْعَزِيزَةِ فَدِيَتُهُ مِائَةُ وَسْقٍ فَكَانُوا عَلَى ذَلِكَ حَتَّى قَدِمَ رَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ فَذَلَّتِ الطَّائِفَتَانِ لِحُكْمِ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ وَرَسُولُ اللهِ ﷺ يَوْمَئِذٍ لَمْ يَظْهَرْ عَلَيْهِمْ وَلَمْ يُوطِئْهُمَا وَهُوَ الصُّلْحُ فَقَتَلَتِ الذَّلِيلَةُ مِنَ الْعَزِيزَةِ قَتِيلًا فَأَرْسَلَتِ الْعَزِيزَةُ إِلَى الذَّلِيلَةِ أَنِ ابْعَثُوا إِلَيْنَا مِائَةَ وَسْقٍ فَقَالَتِ الذَّلِيلَةُ وَهَلْ كَانَ هَذَا قَطُّ دِينُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ وَنَسَبُهُمَا وَاحِدٌ دِيَةُ بَعْضِهِمْ نِصْفُ دِيَةِ بَعْضٍ إِنَّمَا أَعْطَيْنَاكُمْ هَذَا ضَيْمًا مِنْكُمْ لَنَا وَفَرَقًا مِنْكُمْ فَلَمَّا إِذْ قَدِمَ مُحَمَّدٌ ﷺ فَلَا نُعْطِيكُمْ ذَلِكَ فَكَادَتِ الْحَرْبُ تَهِيجُ بَيْنَهُمَا ثُمَّ ارْتَضَوْا عَلَى أَنْ جَعَلُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ بَيْنَهُمْ فَفَكَّرَتِ الْعَزِيزَةُ فَقَالَتْ وَاللهِ مَا مُحَمَّدٌ بِمُعْطِيكُمْ مِنْهُمْ ضِعْفَ مَا يُعْطِيهِمْ مِنْكُمْ وَلَقَدْ صَدَقُوا مَا أَعْطَوْنَا هَذَا إِلَّا ضَيْمًا وَقَهْرًا لَهُمْ فَدُسُّوا إِلَى مُحَمَّدٍ ﷺ مَنْ يَخْبُرُ لَكُمْ رَأْيَهُ فَإِنْ أَعْطَاكُمْ مَا تُرِيدُونَ حَكَّمْتُمُوهُ وَإِنْ لَمْ يُعْطِكُمُوهُ حَذِرْتُمُوهُ فَلَمْ تُحَكِّمُوهُ فَدَسُّوا إِلَى رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ نَاسًا مِنَ الْمُنَافِقِينَ يَخْتَبِرُونَ لَهُمْ رَأْيَ رَسُولِ اللهِ ﷺ فَلَمَّا جَاءُوا رَسُولَ اللهِ ﷺ أَخْبَرَ اللهُ رَسُولَهُ بِأَمْرِهِمْ كُلِّهِ وَمَاذَا أَرَادُوا فَأَنْزَلَ اللهُ ﷻ {يَا أَيُّهَا الرَّسُولُ لَا يَحْزُنْكَ الَّذِينَ يُسَارِعُونَ فِي الْكُفْرِ مِنَ الَّذِينَ قَالُوا} إِلَى قَوْلِهِ {وَمَنْ لَمْ يَحْكُمْ بِمَا أَنْزَلَ اللهُ فَأُولَئِكَ هُمُ الْفَاسِقُونَ} ثُمَّ قَالَ فِيهِمْ وَاللهِ أُنْزِلَتْ وَإِيَّاهُمْ عَنَى اللهُ
English Translation
Ibn Abbas said: 'Allah the Exalted revealed: {And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed — those are the disbelievers} {the wrongdoers} {the defiantly disobedient} [5:44-47].' Ibn Abbas said: 'He revealed it regarding two groups of Jews. One of them had subjugated the other in the pre-Islamic period until they agreed that every person killed by the powerful group from the weaker group, his blood money was fifty wasqs, and every person killed by the weaker group from the powerful group, his blood money was one hundred wasqs. They remained upon this until the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) arrived in Madinah, and both groups submitted to his judgment while he had not yet gained dominion over them. The weaker group killed someone from the powerful group, and the powerful group demanded one hundred wasqs. The weaker group said: "Was this ever the case when our religion is the same and our lineage is the same — the blood money of some of us being half that of others? We only gave you this because of your oppression and our fear of you. Now that Muhammad (peace be upon him) has come, we will not give you that." War almost broke out between them, but they agreed to make the Messenger of Allah (peace be upon him) their judge. The powerful group thought: "Muhammad will not give you from them double what he gives them from you, and they spoke truth — they only gave us this under duress." So they secretly sent someone to test Muhammad's opinion. Allah informed His Messenger of all their affairs, and Allah revealed: {O Messenger, let not those who hasten into disbelief grieve you, from among those who said...} to: {And whoever does not judge by what Allah has revealed — those are the defiantly disobedient}. He said: "By Allah, it was revealed concerning them, and them is whom Allah meant."'